Which vacuum cleaner to buy?

[Power consumption (20 to 2900 W)]

Not enough, too much.
One of the indicators of a good vacuum cleaner is low power consumption combined with high suction power, which indicates a good quality vacuum pump.
But high is not 1000 watts, that's too much.

+100500

Continuing the topic ...
Power consumption (20 to 2900 W)
The maximum amount of energy consumed by the vacuum cleaner motor.
The degree of energy consumption and load on the power grid depends on the level of power consumption. The lower this parameter, the more economical the model is. But the efficiency of the vacuum cleaner does not in any way depend on the level of power consumption! The cleaning quality of any vacuum cleaner primarily depends on the suction power (see "Suction power"). The lower the power consumption and the higher the suction power, the more expensive the device.

All from the same Yandex and the same link ...

DEAR girls, well, don't mislead people with such numbers ...
And before you buy ANY device, study ALL of its MOST IMPORTANT characteristics ...

🔗 - open this tab and see by WHAT parameters it is worth choosing a vacuum cleaner .. at the moment Yandex gives out the maximum suction power of ONLY 560 W ...

Who does Thomas Twin TT have a SUCTION power of only 280 watts ...

This is more like the truth :)
In general, I do not understand why a large suction power is so necessary, because the vacuum cleaner does not suck bricks, but dust.
For example, my Dyson's suction power is written at 200W (with a consumed 1100W), it is quite enough for cleaning, one might even say that with an excess.
But it is always like this, the power reserve is not laid down by the developers, since the power does not fall.
And yet, as I understood, the design of the nozzles and their adherence to the floor plays a role, so that nothing flies past, but is directly sucked in.

Yul, they a priori cannot have good cravings! ... The suction power of washing vacuum cleaners is several times lower than that of ordinary vacuum cleaners - this time ... and secondly, the same suction power of washing vacuum cleaners decreases by 10% per year, while in simple ones it is only 5 % ...

Anya, I don't know how much the suction power is. I judge from my experience I had a Samsung with a bag, like a powerful one, but it was dusty, damn it. And I'm coughing from the dust. Then I bought Thomas, I like how he really collects dust, after him I didn't even wash the floors, but it was boring, of course, to wash him. And I bought a small inexpensive Saturn type for every day, in which the dust is collected in a container. So this is generally horror and thrown away money. And now I'm not worried about the hygiene box, I put in a bag and a vacuum cleaner. My house is private, so there is a place where there is a dusty dust.

Well, the washing vacuum cleaners were completely hammered by their feet. I don’t know yet if a steam generator can replace it in terms of washing furniture and floors. But it washes (I have Thomas) cool and sucks in dry cleaning, including cat hair and even fragile carpet pile. Well, it does not happen that I bought one device and closed all the issues of everyday life. Itself sinful, and pulls to buy 2in1 or 3in1. But .... A slow cooker is good, but the oven will not replace 100%. We have to put up with it. And in cleaning for washing a sofa drenched in kefir, or a carpet, a detergent is good. To quickly remove sand in the hallway or spilled sugar in the kitchen - a broom or an upright vacuum cleaner. And who needs cleaning without presence - robots are irreplaceable. Someone chooses a steam swab, and someone winds a rag on a wooden one. To each his own.

so that's what I mean ... In addition to all the filters that we change by yourself, in washing vacuum cleaners (I'm talking about Thomas) I still need to clean some garbage ...This is done both in the service and for additional. pay at home .....

With all due respect to you and to all, I will translate. "Clean the garbage" - flush the HEPA filter. This is done under running water in the sink for 2-3 minutes. You know, for the money, of course, you will be fed from a spoon at home. Remember the phrase from the famous movie: "You can get a Gold Rolls Royce if you pay." So that's it. Those who have such a vacuum cleaner or who used it will tell you that any child will do it. About the power. Well, let's not measure ourselves with something)))). For normal cleaning in the house, even 280W is enough for the eyes, this is Dyson's power. Here is the official answer of the company representatives (I was not too lazy to find it):
Question:
What is the suction power of THOMAS vacuum cleaners?


Answer:

All THOMAS vacuum cleaners have a very high suction power. In accordance with the European standard, the suction power is measured at the end of the brush (nozzle).

For premium vacuum cleaners:

- in ECO mode (delicate cleaning) 360 air watts;

- in dry cleaning mode 380 air watts;

- in washing mode 400 aeroWatt;

- in the mode of air humidification 460 air watts.

For all other models, the suction power ranges from 360 to 380 air watts, depending on the selected cleaning mode.

For Centralized Cleaning Systems, the suction power is 430-450 Aerowatts.

Dyson has 280W of power due to the fact that he is dry, and he simply does not need a higher power.

There was a question of choosing a vertical vacuum cleaner for express cleaning. Now I cannot decide on two models. : this: Both electrolux. Differences: Series 280 ... - 12 minutes of work, but the volume of the waste container is 1 liter, weight is about 2 kg. Series 290 ... - 20 minutes of work, the volume of the waste container is 0.5 liters, the weight is 3.75 kg. What will be the opinions of: girl_cleanglasses: on the cleaning experience? How much do you need the option of a detachable small vacuum cleaner?

I wanted all the Dyson DS45, and then suddenly realized that for the same money you can take Rumba, and not run for 20 minutes with a vacuum cleaner, but generally leave the house, or drink coffee at the computer while he cleans himself.
I bought it on Friday, now I'm getting high! the beauty!!!!

Vei, rumba is already on the wish list. Now I can not buy, in the near future I have a wig-stripping.
By the way, is it true they write that he takes away the garbage from the door (sand in particular, which is there most of all) throughout the apartment? Or slander?

Vei, rumba is already on the wish list. Now I can not buy, in the near future I have a wig-stripping.
By the way, is it true they write that he takes away the garbage from the door (sand in particular, which is there most of all) throughout the apartment? Or slander?

They say a word, even if he casually throws out some trash can, then he himself will clean everything. It's just that we are used to holding a vacuum cleaner right away and there will be nothing left under it, but here it can roll back and forth several times, but in the end there will be cleanliness and polished floors. They shine as if they were washed!

WELL EVERYTHING, NOW EXACTLY DO NOT STOP ME .... but why rumba? Do Niato write faster and more intelligent? Not quite on the topic, but what about the severin technique? Is it working properly?

WELL, EVERYTHING, NOW EXACTLY DO NOT STOP ME .... but why rumba? Do Niato write faster and more intelligent? Not quite on the topic, but what about the severine technique? Is it working properly?

Each has its own pros and cons, but in this case the price was decisive. For 12,500 I bought the 581st model (this is the most advanced in the fifth generation, that is, with the most complete set), but from America, not official. Officials have this about 25 thousand. And neato costs about 20 thousand, plus they say that rumba cleans up cleaner and more reliable in terms of breakdowns. I don't know, I think both are good.

Neato only goes through the same place once, so if he missed something, he missed it. And Rumba is wound many times, so after cleaning it usually nothing remains.

Who are you listening to? ...

Sandy, where did you get this formula from?

Who are you listening to? ...of course, of course ..... oh sorry, you only need to listen to * Anyuta * of the great expert and guru of vacuum cleaners

🔗
here they took it, did not come up with why the respected one believes that only she is right and you need to listen only to her categorical opinion?
I wrote about the rated power, if that.

[professional]

For example, I have 1400 divided by 1.4, it turns out 1000 W which is more than enough.

The suction power figure is huge.
The article on your link says that

The quality of cleaning does not depend on the power consumption (1400W or 1600W), but on the suction power, which even professional washing vacuum cleaner reaches only 1000W.

What am I arguing and not saying - who are you listening to? .... just listen to me. I am not a manufacturer of vacuum cleaners, and I cannot approve and give advice about all models.
I wrote about my personal Bosch 1400 vacuum cleaner with a capacity and with a nominal 1000 (according to the article) that it sucks me quite strongly dust, small debris and water, perfectly cleans sofas and carpets, washes the floor, I personally have enough of it with my head. I am writing only about my model so I have no experience with other washing vacuum cleaners.
In Google and Yandex, there are a lot of articles, everyone can read for themselves and draw conclusions for themselves, and not find fault with others.
I will not return to this topic anymore, if anyone is interested in information about my Bosch BMS 1300, then I will gladly tell you.

The suction power figure is huge.

1000 is not the suction power, but the rated power of the vacuum cleaner.

1000 is not the suction power, but the rated power of the vacuum cleaner.

I know that there is suction power and consumption power, but what is the rated power?

[Washing vacuum cleaner power]

I'm not special, I copied a piece of the article

Washing vacuum cleaner power
The power of a washing vacuum cleaner, like any other household and professional equipment, is measured in watts (W). This is the main parameter that determines the quality of cleaning. The higher the better. However, in this case, do not fall for the advertising trick of the manufacturers of MP, for example, they indicate the power consumption of 1400W, 1600W, etc. And how important is this indicator? I'll explain now. The quality of cleaning does not depend on the power consumption (1400W or 1600W), but on the suction power, which even reaches only 1000W for professional vacuum cleaners. Therefore, when buying, ask the consultant manager not for the maximum power, but for the number of watts of suction power - for more or less high-quality cleaning, it should be about 400W. It is also necessary to take into account that power is spent, firstly, on the filtration, humidification and deodorization system, and, secondly, on special equipment, which includes various nozzles.
Another marketing ploy - manufacturers can indicate not the nominal power consumption, but the maximum, which is 15-25% more. We would like to emphasize that the maximum power is reached in the first seconds of operation of the vacuum cleaner, and during the rest of the operation it always works in nominal mode. In this case, to find out the value of the rated power, you need to divide the maximum value by the square root of 2 (approximately 1.4).

Vacuum cleaner suction power
One of the most important characteristics of any vacuum cleaner is its suction power - the useful power of the vacuum cleaner. It is necessary to distinguish between the power consumption of the vacuum cleaner, which is indicated by the manufacturers on the body of the device, and its suction power. Unfortunately, sellers of vacuum cleaners themselves are not always able to correctly explain and often confuse these two concepts. The power consumption of a vacuum cleaner is the value of its energy consumption and on average it ranges from 800 to 2500 watts.

The quality of cleaning depends on the suction power, since the higher the suction power, the more intensively the air flow is sucked into the vacuum cleaner, the better the carpet will be cleaned, the more dust particles the vacuum cleaner will draw in.

It is considered that the higher the power consumption, the higher the suction power.In practice, however, high power consumption does not guarantee high suction power and efficiency of waste collection. The suction power, of course, depends on the power consumption (the power of the vacuum cleaner motor), but many other factors also affect the useful power of the vacuum cleaner, such as the design and build quality of the vacuum cleaner itself. The better all the air-conducting units and parts of the vacuum cleaner fit to each other, the less air is sucked from outside, and therefore the higher the suction power of the vacuum cleaner will be. Therefore, several vacuum cleaners with the same power consumption but different designs will have different effective suction power.

The suction power of the vacuum cleaner is determined through the vacuum (h) and the air flow (q) and is equal to their product. The suction power is measured in AeroWatts; as a rule, it is not indicated on the model case, but it is of great importance.

P = hq (Aero W) [N / m2] x [m3 / s] or

Suction power theory. [W] [aeroWt] = Vacuum [N / m2] x Airflow [m3 / s].

Vacuum refers to the ability of a vacuum cleaner to suck in dust. The unit of vacuum measurement is Bar or Pascal: 0.01 Pa [N / m2] = 1 mbar.
The intensity of the air flow shows how much air the vacuum cleaner is able to pass through itself per unit of time. The air flow rate is measured in m3 / s. The efficiency of the vacuum cleaner and the quality of the cleaning carried out directly depends on the normal ratio of these two parameters. After all, if the air flow is strong enough and the vacuum is weak, then any resistance will lead to a sharp decrease in the suction power and loss of the vacuum cleaner's efficiency. If the vacuum is strong enough and the air flow is weak, then heavier dust particles and debris will remain on the floor or carpet. This phenomenon is observed when the dust bag of the vacuum cleaner is clogged, while the vacuum cleaner "sucks" well to the surface, but the air flow is practically zero and the vacuum cleaner is unable to lift even a string from the floor.

The maximum suction power of a vacuum cleaner is the highest suction power that is achieved under ideal conditions. As a rule, it is reached within the first minutes of operation after switching on.

But you won’t fight ... IMHO, the suction power is some kind of empirical value, invented especially for sales managers. So that they can at least weave something to gullible buyers. My vacuum cleaner claims as much as 400 W, so at full power it becomes difficult to pull the brush on the carpet, and linoleum and laminate show a clear tendency to come off nafik. Usually half is enough - two-thirds of the maximum.
I can assume that vacuum cleaners are ideal for dealing with dust. And true fans of cleanliness love them. Each cleaning turns into a kind of ritual, after which everything sparkles around. But personally, this situation does not suit me. I don’t have to do a general cleaning every time. I need to pull the vacuum cleaner out of the closet, run through the rooms with it and shove it back. Once a month shake out the dust briquette from the flask and once every two months wash the foam rubber filter. All. With the same high cleaning quality.
I and, judging by the reviews, a fairly large number of people do not like the need to wash the containers every time and finally the toilet or sink. Surely this is really not difficult, but I'm not hotzza at all! This is easy and the child will do it, but can someone post a video as proof where he will do it repeatedly? And with pleasure? After all, it is not difficult at all - to wash the plate for everyone after themselves, but they don't like it. Although there are indeed exceptions.

I join the previous speaker I prefer to just throw the filter bag into the trash once a month, change HEPA once a year and forget about this matter, and even more so to wash, wash, dry ...

I agree, of the minuses - bulky, heavy, water needs to be poured, wash the "bucket" after wet cleaning, but the quality of cleaning is pleasant, especially carpets and upholstered furniture

I agree with the previous speaker.Yes, it is dreary to wash the vacuum cleaner itself and the plumbing after it. Therefore, I take it out as a mobile home dry-cleaner: wash upholstered furniture, carpets, car interior. Here the detergents rule.

I join the previous speaker

And I
I am quite satisfied with the quality of my vacuum cleaner. In this case, you just need to empty the container, rinse it if desired, and rinse the filter under running water every few months.

Therefore, I take it out as a mobile home dry-cleaner: wash upholstered furniture, carpets, car interior. Here the detergents rule.

So I like this option. For permanent use, an ordinary decent vacuum cleaner, always ready to go. (I have Mile) And for general cleaning - take out the detergent a couple of times a year.

[Jefry]

+100500 and Jefryand sazalexterand Arbena

I just don’t read the rest of the posts .... sorry, but YOU are talking to yourself ... .. I WILL NOT ENTER ANY DISCUSSION BELOW ...

at me personally there is also a washing Thomas twin TT and the most common "vityok" for two thousand ... and so the washing one simply WORKS ... the last two months - from the moment of purchase of the "Vitka" ...

I hesitated to carry a 10 kg fool Thomas .... .. I value my time ... and now I am cleaning it with "Vitcom" ... IMHO ...

And for general cleaning - take out the detergent a couple of times a year.

It will look like it for me - once a year .. before NG - wash the floors ...

It will look like it for me - once a year .. before NG - wash the floors ...

For the sake of washing the floors, I would not get involved with washing dust .... But upholstered furniture, a rug in the hallway - it is difficult to maintain cleanliness without a detergent.

I totally agree. My brother has very few carpets in the house, there is only one laminate on the floor. So he has the most ordinary vacuum cleaner, and they only process the path in the corridor with it. I have a carpet with a large pile, and I can't do without Thomas. Sometimes I still clean the soft one.

Everyone I am considering vacuum cleaners KARCHER VC 6200 and VC 6300. Tell me, what is the difference between them, except for the location of the suction power regulator? Almost the same for the price. And how do they work, can anyone use it? I almost forgot to ask: how much are nonwoven bags? How long are they enough?

Good afternoon everyone! The owners of these vacuum cleaners:
LG VK8820HMR

or
LG VK8810HUMR

[/ quote]
Please answer: I have a partial renovation (suspended for an indefinite period), if pebbles, pieces of cement, plaster are pulled into the flask, will the flask withstand?

Please answer: I have a repair, if pebbles, pieces of cement, plaster are drawn into the flask, will the flask withstand?

Only scratches. Personally, I use its predecessor with a paper bag for construction waste, which I do not mind. Friends rented a special one for this business. Impressed. He has no HEPA at the exit, but you can safely vacuum even a broken brick.

[Jefry]

Jefry Thanks, understood. I also have an old LG, about 7 years old, with a bag and HEPA 12, I use disposable bags, but I always hear the smell of dust after cleaning. I want a new one so that it doesn't smell like dust, but this one goes to the country.
I'm also looking at the SAMSUNG 9480 with an aquafilter, and I don't know where to stop. I have a two-room apartment: upholstered furniture, no carpets, tiles and linoleum. And plus the dog

I have already written many times that now I will not exchange my Lyzhik for any other! We have been using it since January and are happy with the choice so far. He makes such a cool nag when you poke him into the outlet. And the scapula in the flask is so fun, tudy-syudym ... It seems that the dog is wagging its tail from behind. There is absolutely no smell of dust! The cleaning quality is amazing! But for construction waste, I am sorry to use such a handsome man, although he obviously won't pose any problems for him. Unless the bricks will jam the blade.

[Alyona]

Good afternoon everyone! The owners of these vacuum cleaners:
LG VK8820HMR

or
LG VK8810HUMR


Please answer: I have a partial renovation (suspended for an indefinite period), if pebbles, pieces of cement, plaster are pulled into the flask, will the flask stand?

Alyona, I have a vacuum cleaner Lg Vk 89189HMV, it looks like yours. It is not designed for cleaning, where there is construction waste, in my opinion, it is even indicated in the instructions. I only collected fine dust after installing the split system, then I had to clean and wash the filter for a long time.

I also look closely at SAMSUNG 9480 with an aquafilter, no carpets, tiles and linoleum. And plus the dog

I am the owner of this vacuum cleaner, also a 2-room apartment, tiles and linoleum without carpets + 4 cats. In addition, I live between Sevastopolsky Prospekt and Varshavka in Moscow, I was just suffocating from the dust, I could not cope with it. And with this vacuum cleaner I saw the light. To say that you are happy with the vacuum cleaner is to say nothing. I don't know if there is an even better vacuum cleaner than this one. The maintenance is very simple, it cleans perfectly, the air after cleaning is clean, the smell of freshness, not dust, it even seems cooler in the apartment after cleaning.

I'm also looking at SAMSUNG 9480 with aquafilter

I agree with all of the above. the only point: it is not recommended for collecting construction waste and it is quite heavy, that is, I now want a robot vacuum cleaner for everyday cleaning.But breathing after 9480 is really easy. Since I have been using it for a long time (2 years), I forget about all the conveniences and advantages, so when I see my daughter-in-law or girlfriend's _{and I smell}what they do is bursting with joy that my vacuum cleaner is so super-duper cool

Thanks to everyone who praised Zelmer's detergent! We bought it a month ago, we are very satisfied. I especially like that after cleaning, the bucket is washed out and no traces of dust remain in the vacuum cleaner.

Thank you all for your feedback.

Please advise who knows. My husband and I decided to buy a new vacuum cleaner. I want a detergent. I've seen enough ads about Thomas. I went online and watched Thomas Twin. It seems to fit both in price and in functions. Are they generally good vacuum cleaners? And I also looked at the model of Westphalia. They seem to be similar, but Westphalia is more expensive. Which to choose?

For those who want a washing vacuum cleaner: first decide on the place where to put it (since some have an apartment and find an extra sq. M. Is problematic) and then think about buying ...
And more .. in addition to this vacuum cleaner there is also a box with all nozzles and personal belongings, about the same area and 20-25 centimeters in height

Anya, how do you like this Vitek, is he with a bag? If you wrote about it somewhere, please give me a link.
I choose a vacuum cleaner, I was completely confused, I don't know what to choose, but without a bag, that's for sure!

[got sick]

Anya, how do you like this Vitek, is he with a bag? If you wrote about it somewhere, please give me a link.
I choose a vacuum cleaner, I was completely confused, I don't know what to choose, but without a bag, that's for sure!

Anyut, a couple of pages ago (approximately, if you look at the dates - this is after mid-April) there were heated discussions about vacuum cleaners .. Here many were clever, but I did not enter into a skirmish further .. (it makes sense to waste my nerves and time) .. ...
what can I tell you ... read, firstly, what our service guys (Sasha and Zhenya) write with them, I completely agree ...
For myself, I can tell you this ...
1. I got sick to carry this 10-tikilagromovy fool around the house ... .. When I was 12 weeks pregnant (summer-heat, I "smelled" of dust).
2. I got sick wash all these personal belongings after every cleaning ...
3. I wildly began to value my time .. and now I have to leave to vacuum the carpets least half the time ... That is, stupidly 10 minutes were needed to collect the dirt from the container bucket, wash the container itself and wash "that" into which you pour this dirt (toilet bowl or sink) .. As a rule , in the summer I poured it out into the street, then it still takes time to dry everything and put it back together ... Well, something like that ...
Vitek - with a bag of 3.5 liters ... His suction power morethan Thomas ... I took the cheapest of all available vacuum cleaners, but with very big suction power. It was the suction power that interested me the most when buying. To be honest, the "smell of dust" from him, of course, is felt, compared to Thomas, but if you had an ordinary vacuum cleaner before, then you won't really feel the difference ... They took it on a drum - I gave about 2100 rubles.
Well, something like this .. BUT this is my personal IMHO
Here are a couple more pictures for comparison with the main ones. characteristics ...

Anya, how do you like this Vitek, is he with a bag? If you wrote about it somewhere, please give me a link.
I choose a vacuum cleaner, I was completely confused, I don't know what to choose, but without a bag, that's for sure!

Anya, if there is an opportunity to buy Millet with a bag, I personally am very pleased. I also used Vitek (with a bag it is better than without a bag, the power is lost not so much), but I still recommend Millet to everyone. Vitek herself traded, almost all models in the office were tried, with a bag is definitely more powerful)

Darling, Anya, what can you say about Karcher with a steam generator as an alternative to a washing vacuum cleaner? small children at home, from time to time I rent carpets to dry cleaning. I want to clean them at home

Anyut, a couple of pages ago (approximately, if you look at the dates - this is after mid-April) there were heated discussions about vacuum cleaners .. Here many were clever, but I did not enter into a skirmish further .. (it makes sense to waste my nerves and time) .. ...
what can I tell you ... read, firstly, what our service guys (Sasha and Zhenya) write with them, I completely agree ...

Thanks Anya. Yes, now I have a bag, also good, German, but I began to feel the "smell of dust", and to shake out the bag for me, just a "punishment", the yard is small, there is nowhere, so I somehow wanted without a bag. But I don't want to wash it after cleaning either.
In general, I dream of working as a vacuum cleaner.

[Anya,]

[quote yes, and to shake out the bag for me, just "punishment", the yard is small, nowhere, so somehow I wanted without the bag. But I don't want to wash it after cleaning either.
In general, I dream of working as a vacuum cleaner.
[/ quote]
Anya,try disposable bags, when it's full, you can just throw it away and that's it. If there are no special ones for your model of vacuum cleaner, you can take universal ones.

[Anya,]

[quote yes, and to shake out the bag for me, just "punishment", the yard is small, nowhere, so somehow I wanted without the bag. But I don't want to wash it after cleaning either.
In general, I dream of working as a vacuum cleaner.

Anya,try disposable bags, when it's full you can just throw it away and that's it. If your model of vacuum cleaner does not have special ones, you can take universal ones. / 17df8b5380da493b83ac7be3ea38ffc6]

Thank you, I know about disposable bags, I had them. I just have an old vacuum cleaner, I choose a new one, without a bag.

Bagless vacuum cleaners have much less SUCTION power. The power on the box can be astronomical, but it will suck badly (unless it is, of course, "Dyson", it has very good suction power, but it also costs very well). So it's worth thinking carefully ... whether you need a bagless one, I experimented with vacuum cleaners, when I had the opportunity to take at cost, now I stopped at a bagless one ... and I'm very happy ... and I have 4 children running around the house

And about Karcher .... I honestly don't know about the vacuum cleaner, I didn't use it personally

Darling, Anya, what can you say about Karcher with a steam generator as an alternative to a washing vacuum cleaner? small children at home, from time to time I rent carpets to dry cleaning. I want to clean them at home

Alenka-Lyubimitsa has already answered ...
I, like her, are not familiar with the Karcher ... More precisely, there is a Karcher sink, but at home I am already quite satisfied with an ordinary vacuum cleaner and PG ...

Bagless vacuum cleaners have a much lower SUCTION power. The power on the box can be astronomical, but it will suck badly (unless it is, of course, "Dyson", it has very good suction power, but it also costs very well).

Not all yoghurts are created equal I have a bagless vacuum cleaner with crazy suction power.
I also looked at Dyson carefully when choosing. As for me, besides the price, it also has disadvantages. I especially did not like the fact that the cyclones, which are responsible for fine cleaning, are inside the case. And any, even the most super-duper filter, which is not cleaned, after a while itself becomes a source of pollution.