Found an article on salt. there she is:
The regeneration electronics are one of the important features of the new Bosch dishwashers, which fundamentally improves the quality of washing, and not only that. What do these not understandable words mean for everyone?
The word "regeneration" means the ability to repair damage. What kind of damage we are talking about and how they are restored with the help of electronics - let's figure it out.
This interesting and important function of Bosch dishwashers relates to the hardness of the water used. Indeed, in nature there is no absolutely pure water, it always contains mineral impurities, in particular calcium and magnesium salts. When the water is heated in the dishwasher, these salts are deposited on the heating elements and on the dishes. Cookware becomes dull and heating elements can be damaged. The machine then has to spend more energy to heat the water. In addition, these salts can react with detergents and precipitate as an insoluble residue.
The content of calcium and magnesium salts in one liter of water is estimated as water hardness. Hardness is expressed in degrees of hardness (French or German) or in milligram equivalents per liter (in units of meq / l). Soft water - up to 10 German degrees, or up to 4 mEq / l, semi-hard - from 10 to 20 degrees, or 4 to 8 mEq / l, hard - from 20 to 30 degrees, or from 8 to 12 mg -eq / l, very hard - from 30 degrees, or 12 meq / l and above. The permissible limit for the hardness of water used for centralized water supply is 7 mg-eq / l.
The harder the water, the more detergent, water, time and energy it will take to achieve the desired dishwashing performance. If nothing can be done about it with manual washing, then Bosch dishwashers solve the problem of water hardness. This is not to say that this problem is solved simply, but rather successfully!
Reducing the hardness of tap water is achieved by passing it through a special ion exchanger in a dishwasher, which makes the water soft and increases its detergency. The ion exchanger is like a mini-factory for the production of soft water. Here excess calcium and magnesium ions are extracted from the tap water. For this, an ion exchange resin is used, this is a high molecular weight organic compound. The ion exchangers of Bosch dishwashers use the polymer compound Levatite. We will not go into the structure of multiply charged levatite ions; suffice it to say that due to their properties they bind ions of the opposite sign from the solution surrounding the grains or resin granules.
As a result, on the surface of the resin granule, one double-charged calcium ion (Ca ++) is replaced by two single-charged positive sodium ions (Na +). Calcium ions are taken from the water, and its hardness decreases, the water softens. And the sodium ions that replaced them, contrary to popular belief, do not affect the hardness of the water: sodium carbonate is formed here, and this is ordinary soda.
After the ion-exchange resin has done its job - softened the water and helped us wash the dishes with a shine, it is already clogged with magnesium and calcium ions and is not suitable for further use. However, it would be irrational to throw away the resin after every wash. Here comes the process of regeneration, which puzzled us at first, that is, the restoration of the ion exchanger damaged by calcium and magnesium ions.If sodium salt is added to the ion exchanger, then the opposite process occurs on the surface of the resin granules: one double-charged calcium ion (Ca ++) is replaced by two single-charged positive sodium ions (Na +).
The regenerating sodium salt is poured into a special container before starting the machine. In Bosch dishwashers, the salt container lid is located in the base of the machine.
When the dishwasher is turned on, part of the water from the tap flows into a special water tank for regenerating the ion exchanger. This container consists of three chambers of different sizes. Depending on the manually set or automatically set hardness, water from the first, second or third chambers enters the salt container, and then, in the form of a saline solution of the required concentration, into the ion exchanger. During regeneration, calcium ions leave the surface of the resin granules, and sodium ions again take their place.
The saline solution remains in the ion exchanger until the next dishwashing cycle. When the machine is turned on again, it first of all drains this saline solution into the sewer, this is accompanied by the characteristic abrupt sounds of the pump.
When used correctly, the ion exchange resin remains functional for the entire service life of the machine, that is, 10 years.
But why does the machine have three containers of regenerating water to obtain a particular hardness? After all, the softer the water, the better?
But no, the hardness of the water should be reduced to a reasonable limit. Too soft water not only requires additional costs for its production, but it can spoil the surface of the glass, taking ions from it. Corrosion of the glass occurs from this, it eventually becomes covered with characteristic scratches and becomes cloudy.
It has been established that the optimal water hardness when fed into the washing chamber of the machine is 1.1 mg-eq / l. And the function “Regeneration electronics” that puzzled us in the title of this article is precisely designed to ensure optimal operation of the ion exchanger. This function allows not only to avoid unnecessary waste of regeneration salt, but also to optimize the process, automatically providing optimal conditions for effective and gentle washing.
Some dishwasher owners, due to misunderstanding, neglect the requirement to control water hardness. Yes, for some time you can wash the dishes without adding salt, but soon the ion exchanger becomes clogged, and the dishes come out of the machine, dull, with whitish spots. Continuous use of the machine with an empty salt container may damage the water softener. If the matter has not gone far, the ion exchanger can be restored to its proper working capacity by filling the container with regenerating salt and performing the usual wash cycle 4-5 times.
The recommendations of some consultants to use cheaper table salt for dishwashers should be viewed with skepticism.
Article taken from the site