A good competent article about means for PMM.
Soap ... for dishwasher
Just as a car will not run without gasoline and oil, a dishwasher is practically useless without detergents, regeneration salt and rinse aid. To remove really clean and shiny dishes from the dishwasher, you need to use effective detergents, of which there are not so few on the modern market. Let's try to figure out how you can wash dishes in the dishwasher today.
REMEMBER IN NO EVENT SHOULD YOU USE ORDINARY SOAP AND POWDER TO CLEAN DISHWASHER
IN POWDER OR TABLETS?
There are two types of dishwasher detergents: powdered and tablets. When choosing a dishwasher, you should definitely check with the sellers what types of detergents can be loaded into the appliance you like.
Powder is the most popular and readily available detergent. On average, one wash cycle consumes about 25-30 g of powder, respectively, to purchase a kilogram of this detergent, which is enough for 35-40 cycles, you will need 180-450 rubles. Thus, the cost of one wash cycle using the powder is 4-8 rubles. As a rule, a measuring spoon is supplied with the package to correctly determine the required amount of powder, or the package indicates the volume of the container cap, which in this case can be used as a measuring container.
Tablets are slightly more convenient to use than powder because they cannot accidentally wake up during use. It should be borne in mind that, as a rule, detergent in tablets per wash cycle is slightly more expensive than detergent in powder.Tablets are single-layer (standard detergent), multi-layer and multi-layer combined (type "3 in 1"), with different rates of dissolution of the layers.
Please note that tablet detergents sometimes do not dissolve during short programs. For this reason, dishwasher manufacturers recommend that when using detergent tablets, select programs of normal duration. The dosage depends on the volume of the dishwasher and, as a rule, is indicated in the technical characteristics of the unit. Typical consumption of detergent tablets is one tablet per cycle, in the case of very hard water, the initial dosage should be increased by one tablet. On average, a pack of 25 tablets costs about 180-250 rubles, out of 60 - over 400 rubles. Usually, 1 tablet is placed in a standard dishwasher for 12 sets of dishes. Thus, the cost of one wash cycle with the use of tablets is 6-8 rubles (in this case, we are talking about standard detergents, and not about “3 in 1” tablets).
TABLETS ARE AND COMBINED
Using multi-layer combination detergents in the form of tablets, you simultaneously load into the machine both the detergent components, and the components that soften the water and replace the regenerating salt, and the rinse aid. Dishwasher models that allow the use of combined products are now more common. To be sure of such a possibility, you need to check the instructions. However, one must not forget that this remedy is not suitable for a short program for the same reason: the combination tablet takes too long to dissolve. It is also not recommended to use combined detergents in regions with very hard or, conversely, very soft water.
Nevertheless, on the market of modern household appliances, dishwashers with a special program, most adapted to the use of tabletted combined type detergents, began to appear more and more often. Most manufacturers (eg Miele, Electrolux, AEG, Bosch, Siemens, Gorenje, Asko) provide a special three-in-one function in dishwashers, which sets any available wash program to use combined detergents.
ABOUT ALKALI AND ENZYMES
According to the degree of influence on the dishes, detergents can be conditionally divided into two groups. The first will include highly alkaline detergents containing caustic alkaline components such as sodium carbonates, silicates, phosphates, oxygen or chlorine-based chemical bleaches. The purpose of these components is saponification and destruction of fatty and protein contaminants.
In the second - slightly alkaline detergents. Alkaline products usually contain enzymes. An indication of the presence of enzymes in the detergent means that this detergent is optimal for washing dishes at a water temperature of about 45-50 degrees, because it is in this mode that ideal conditions are created for the manifestation of the properties of enzymes.
Enzymes are biological enzyme additives that break down the proteins, fats and polysaccharides that make up pollution. Detergents generally include the following types of enzymes: proteases (alkaline), which help remove protein contaminants, and amylases, which are effective in removing starch contaminants such as mashed potatoes, pasta, porridge, custard, sauces, etc. chocolate. The use of amylases in combination with proteases mutually enhances the action of both substances.
Lipases facilitate the removal of fat-based and oil-based contaminants from fatty foods. But it is insoluble proteins, fats and oils that firmly "eat" into the dishes, especially if several hours have passed after using it. In this case, the use of detergents with enzymes significantly increases the effectiveness of washing.
In the composition of any detergents, in addition to the already mentioned components, low-foaming surfactants are necessarily present.
MORE ABOUT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
If you start to carefully study the packaging of the detergent, you will notice that there are three types of detergents:
1) Containing alkaline components and an oxidizing component based on chlorine.
2) Containing alkaline components and oxygen-based oxidizing component.
3) Contains alkaline components and enzymes, but no oxidizing components.
Detergents containing an oxidizing component based on chlorine are excellent for cleaning any type of dirt, but, being quite corrosive, they are not recommended for washing fragile, thin and metal (aluminum, silver) dishes.
Detergents containing alkaline components and an oxygen-based oxidizing component have a milder whitening effect and are therefore suitable for most types of dishes, except those which will be discussed later.
Detergents containing alkaline components and enzymes, without oxidizing components, have a good detergent effect at low temperatures and a gentle effect on dishes.
CHECK ONE HUNDRED TIMES, ONE FILL
When choosing a detergent, do not forget to clarify which types of dishes it is suitable for. If there are no special marks, you should not take risks and wash fragile crystal and especially silver with this detergent. For machine washing of silver items, you should find a detergent, on the packaging of which such a possibility is specified.
In principle, some types of dishes can be washed in a dishwasher, but only in a gentle mode and with utmost care. This means that you should select a delicate program with the lowest temperature and duration of washing, and after the end of the cycle, remove the dishes from the machine as soon as possible. At the same time, it is recommended to reduce the dose of the used detergent by about 1.5 times. Thus, for example, cups and plates with pictures and icing should be washed - separately using the delicate program. Cookware that requires extreme care also includes:
• earthenware dishes;
• utensils with overglaze painting, which, if it does not disappear, may lose color and fade);
• aluminum objects (aluminum dissolves by the action of alkalis and oxidants);
• glassware, on the packaging of which there is no symbol indicating the possibility of washing in a dishwasher: at a temperature of 35-40 degrees, such glass will not break, but it may become cloudy.
Just in case, we remind you that the following types of dishes are absolutely not intended for washing in a dishwasher, no matter what detergent is used in this case:
• old dishes, the coating of which is not heat-resistant;
• glued dishes;
• cutlery with wooden, horn, porcelain or mother-of-pearl handles;
• objects made of ordinary (rusting) steel;
• not heat-resistant plastic items;
• wood products (for example, cutting boards);
• tin or copper items;
• items of decorative and applied art - for example, Gzhel and Khokhloma;
• very small objects that may fall out of the trays during washing and fall onto moving parts of the machine.
WHAT TO CHOOSE FROM
The assortment of dishwasher detergents in Russian stores, as opposed to hand washing detergents, is not diversified enough. The brands on sale can be counted on one hand, and these are mainly European-made products: Calgonit, Kristall-fix, Somat, Frosch, Dalli, WKultra, Fairy.
DON'T FORGET TO RINSE ALSO ...
In order to completely remove the remaining detergent from the dishes and give them a shine, most manufacturers recommend adding a special liquid rinse aid to the machine.It is usually formulated with non-ionic surfactants to ensure effective water wetting of the surface, which leads to accelerated water drainage, rapid drying and the absence of streaks and stains on the surface, and acids (for example, citric acid) to remove and neutralize the alkaline components of the detergent itself ... The average price for a 500 ml bottle in Moscow home appliance stores is 80-120 rubles. The most popular brands of rinse aids are the same as for powders: Calgonit, Kristall-fix, Klarspuller.
On average, a 0.5–0.7 liter bottle of rinse aid is enough for 10–12 full washing cycles in a dishwasher (consumption per cycle is 0.003–0.005 liters). Rinse aid helps to more efficiently dry and transparent glassware; without rinse aid, dishes, especially glass, tend to tarnish. The rinses are not harmful to health and are completely rinsed off during the rinse cycle. Nevertheless, if there are severe allergies in the family, it is recommended to restart the dishwasher after finishing washing, just in case, by selecting the rinse cycle (such a program is usually provided in models of the middle and higher price category).
AND SALT ...
For good results when washing dishes, you must use soft water, that is, containing a small amount of lime. Otherwise, a white lime deposit will appear on the dishes and the inner surface of the dishwasher itself. For information on the water hardness level in your area, contact your waterworks. Some dishwasher manufacturers (like Brandt) include a water hardness tester with the appliance.
There are 5 levels of water hardness (0-6 dH, 7-11 dH, 12-16 dH, 17-21 dH, 22-35 dH, respectively), and with four of them (from the 2nd to the 5th) water requires softeners to ensure proper operation of the dishwasher.
In Moscow, tap water has a fairly high level of hardness, therefore, before the wash cycle, it is imperative to load the regenerating salt into the car. In most dishwashers, the container for the regenerating salt is large enough, and you can immediately load up to 1-2 kilograms of the product into it, and when it comes to an end, the “add salt” indicator on the control panel will light up. The average cost of a standard package of regenerating salt (2 kg) is 130-200 rubles. Regenerating salt is not harmful to health.
To ensure that the quality of washing does not cause the slightest disappointment, it is recommended that you rinse off any adhering food with a strong jet of water before placing the dishes in the machine. Most likely, even if you do not do this, at the end of the wash cycle the dishes will shine clean, no matter what, but if the dishes are heavily soiled (this mainly applies to pots and pans), some traces may still remain. Of course, the pan can be put into the machine for one more cycle, and then for another (experts believe that in three operating cycles a dishwasher is able to steam off any stain, except perhaps traces of lipstick), but why waste electricity if you can get by with little - just put dirty dishes under running water or soak them for a while in the sink.
When choosing which detergents to use - standard or combined, keep in mind that in the first case you can adjust the consumption of funds depending on the specific washing conditions, and in the second you constantly spend a certain “average” dose of detergent and cannot save.
AND EVEN THIS IS NOT ALL!
There are also some dishwasher accessories on sale. These include, first, a degreaser - a means for removing grease from the interior of the dishwasher (sold as a gel or granular powder); secondly, a deodorant, which removes unwanted odors in the dishwasher, giving a light floral or citrus scent to freshly washed dishes; and, thirdly, anti-scale,ensuring optimal performance of your dishwasher and reducing energy consumption. The degreaser is usually poured (powder) or poured (gel) into the same compartment where detergent powder is usually placed. It is recommended to use a degreaser every 15–20 dishwasher cycles. Detailed instructions for using the degreaser and deodorant are always included on the packaging. It is necessary to apply decalcification as follows: pour all the powder directly into the box and turn on the program with a temperature of about 40-45 ° С, without preliminary rinsing. It is recommended to repeat cleaning 2-4 times a year, depending on the hardness of the water in your area. Optimum results are achieved if decalcifier is used after the degreaser.
WASHING THE DISHWASHER IN THE DISHWASHER - SAFE FOR HEALTH
According to experts, detergents and other types of dishwasher detergents are not harmful to human health - at least no more than any other household chemical goods. Moreover, dishwasher detergents contain less organic matter, but more mineral components, which makes them safer for humans. Strongly alkaline detergents do contain more corrosive substances than those found in conventional detergents, but when they are used in a dishwasher, contact with hands is excluded, and therefore there is no danger to skin and health. So, dear housewives, wash the dishes in the dishwasher and only worry about how to prepare dinner for your husband and children on time. And the machine will do all the dirty work for you.
We would like to thank the experts of the Scientific Research Center for Household Chemicals Vyacheslav Filippenkov and Alexey Rodyunin (laboratory of personal hygiene products and household chemicals) for their advice.