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 Today, grape cultivation is not a simple matter. But the work spent will pay off with interest when it comes time to harvest the first crop.
In order for this harvest to please, it is necessary to properly plant the vineyard. And it doesn't matter if it will be a large plot or just a few grape bushes in the country.
It is necessary to choose a place and soil for the future vineyard. Best of all, if it will be a place on the west or south side of the site. This is the sunniest side, which allows the grapes to bloom and harvest faster. If the soil on the site is clayey or waterlogged, then grapes will not grow there. The choice of grape variety is also important.
Some varieties are used for making wine and juice, others just go to the table or for sale. Grapes are bred in several ways - by layering, cuttings and grafts. Before planting on the site, the seedlings obtained in the greenhouse should be hardened, that is, they should be kept in the air in the shade for several days.
Each grape variety should be planted separately in rows. Do not plant late grape varieties together with early ones. Since the grapes cannot sustain the entire harvest themselves, they need support. It can be a trellis, stakes, etc. The support is installed 2-3 years after planting the seedlings.
The method of breeding by layering consists in rooting a buried shoot coming from the mother vine. This method is successfully used on personal plots and farms. After the layering takes root, it is transferred to a prepared place, separating it from the main bush.
In order to breed grapes with cuttings, the material must be harvested in the fall. To do this, when pruning bushes, you must select annual shoots that will be pruned. Their thickness should not exceed 12 mm. The cut cuttings must be covered for the winter in a trench, which must be covered with sand, with a layer of 15 cm, and also covered on top.
At the beginning of spring, the seedlings must be planted in containers with prepared soil, and after warming, they must be planted on open soil. For grafting, cuttings are also prepared in the fall and stored in the usual way. In spring, cuttings are taken out, washed, dried and waxed.
The bush to be grafted is cut 10 cm below the surface of the earth, and the cut site is treated with pitch. The buds that emerge from the shoots are removed, leaving only 2 or 4.
Stasova M.
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