What stimulates plant growth?

What stimulates plant growthIt has long been noticed that some plants turn towards light. This can be especially clearly observed in the sunflower, the baskets of which in the morning turn to the rising sun. The sprouts on the window are also reaching for the light. These and many other facts prompted researchers to find out the reasons for such orientational plant movements. Among these researchers was the famous Charles Darwin. He germinated the seeds of cereals in a dark chamber, and then coleopted these seedlings, i.e., the first transparent leaves covering young leaves of cereals were exposed to light falling from one side.


Dogwood

DogwoodWhoever has been to the Caucasus or Crimea in the fall knows firsthand about the dogwood. Its peculiar ruby ​​berries at this time can often be seen in southern bazaars. Lovers of mountain hikes are familiar with dogwood.

This is a tree or shrub 2-9 m tall, usually with several trunks covered with gray, cracking and crumbling bark. It grows in mountain forests up to an altitude of 1500 m or on the edges and in thickets of other bushes.


Apiary organization

Apiary organizationWhen under the windows of houses there are white snowdrifts, under the roof of the hives there are already the first signs of spring - the uterus lays eggs, larvae appeared. It's time to think about where to arrange an apiary. When organizing it, the first step is already important - the choice of a place for placing the hives. In this case, they are guided by two considerations: the convenience of their placement for the owner of the apiary and his neighbors; the correspondence of the chosen place to the biological characteristics of bees, where there is an optimal combination of temperature, humidity, air movement for them.


Moth yellow

Moth yellowThe yellow macula, or yellow glaucium, is a rare, endangered species of the poppy family. This is a one-biennial (or perennial) herb with rather large densely pubescent gray leaves, collected at the base in a rosette, which gives a flowering shoot up to 60 cm high with numerous leaves and flowers. They are very beautiful - solitary, large, shiny, lemon yellow, dark yellow, less often orange.


Wild strawberry

Wild strawberryOf all the forest berries of central Russia, the most remarkable is the forest strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). The Latin name of the genus Fragaria comes from the word fragare - "to smell sweet" and is given for the aroma of the fruit. The word vesca - purely prosaic - means "edible".


Linden

LindenIn our country, several types of linden grow, but the small-leaved linden is widely known as a companion of the Russian forest. In natural plantations, it is found in oak forests, pine forests, spruce forests, or forms continuous lime forests.


Agricultural chemistry lessons: phosphorus and potash fertilizers

Agricultural chemistry lessonsPhosphate fertilizers affect the size of the crop, but even more - on its quality. Significant enrichment of all plant organs with them occurs when nitrogen in the ammonium form is present in the nutrient medium.


Arrangement of hedges on the site

Arrangement of hedges on the siteFruit and berry and vegetable plants grow better in places protected from the wind, where the snow cover is more uniform, and in the summer there is less evaporation of moisture from the soil. It is noted that in such places the relative humidity is also better. In a garden protected from the wind, the most favorable conditions for the work of bees are also created, which is of great importance for pollination of flowers and increasing the productivity of fruit and berry and vegetable plants.


Alder

AlderWho among us does not like to relax on a river, lake or reservoir, especially when their banks are covered with forest. Alder often settles in such forests, sometimes forming small groves and even a peculiar type of forest - riverbed black alder forests. Pine, linden, birch get along well next to alder, but alder is especially “friendly” with an equally water-loving willow.These rocks, as they say, are alive with water and prefer running water. But they also have water under their care. People have noticed long ago that if the alder groves are cut down, there will be trouble: springs dry up, ground waters go away, rivers become shallow ...


Dandelion Secrets

Dandelion SecretsDandelions bloom together. At the beginning of May, flower beds, lawns, hillocks are exactly colored by the spray of the sun. Of course, you can find single flowers in early spring and summer, but they are like birds lagging behind the flock.

The flowering time of dandelions is wonderful: the air is filled with the scent of flowers and the freshness of young leaves, swallows fly in, the first trill is heard nightingale, and the first summer-style drops of rain wash over the ground.


Aconite (wrestler)

AconiteAconite from herbaceous plants of the dangerous buttercup family - too many of this "family" are poisonous. Therefore, it is unsafe to chew the blades of grass of representatives of the buttercup family from boredom, and there is no pleasure - it tastes bitter and burning. Perennial plants belong to the genus Aconite, which are recognized by the hand-cut leaves and flowers of an irregular helmet-like shape.


Princess, Polyanika, Mamura

Princess, Polyanika, MamuraThe prince's forest berry in our country is widespread in mixed, deciduous forests, wetlands, through woodlands, in the tundra in the north of the European part, in Western and Eastern Siberia and in the Far East. It is considered the most fragrant and delicious berry of our North, called meadow, mamura.


A coffee tree

A coffee treeThe coffee tree belongs to the madder family; it is widely cultivated in many countries of the world. Ethiopia is considered the birthplace of this plant, where even now, in the river valleys of the Abyssinian Highlands, at an altitude of 1000-2000 meters above sea level, you can find thickets of a coffee tree. This is an evergreen shrub or tree no more than 8-10 m high.


Features of the nutrition of bulbous plants

Features of the nutrition of bulbous plantsBulbous plants, daffodils and tulips, differ sharply in nutrient requirements at different periods of growth and development. Narcissus, like gladioli, are demanding primarily on nitrogen and nitrogen with potassium. The most crucial stage in their life is the period from the beginning of growth to budding.


Medicinal chamomile

Medicinal chamomileAmong the many daisies, favorite wildflowers, there is also a medicinal daisy. Its botanical name is common chamomile, or pharmacy. An important distinguishing feature is the basket's blown-out and hollow bottom.

Chamomile is one of the most popular folk medicinal plants. It is used for a wide variety of diseases: cold, pain in the abdomen, female diseases, for baths from scrofula.


Sagebrush

SagebrushOver 400 species of wormwood are known throughout the world, of which 174 are found in our area. These are perennial, mostly tall grasses with straight stems, repeatedly dissected by thin gray-green leaves. The flowers of the wormwood are very small, collected in basket inflorescences, like all representatives of the Compositae family.


Celandine

CelandineIn Ancient Russia, healers were still feared, although, I must say, sometimes it happened for a reason. Tsar Boris Godunov was most of all afraid of the "potion" poison.

The oath given to him by the boyars certainly included the following text:


Slippers (Cypripedium)

Slippers (Cypripedium)Russian naturalist travelers of the last century have especially enthusiastic memories of tropical orchids. Botanists were touched by the unique appearance of orchids (there are about 30,000 species), which caused them many associations. These plants were compared either with hummingbirds, iridescent with all the colors of the rainbow, or with butterflies of breathtaking colors, and some, frightening, ... with spiders. The most impressive "lip" in orchids is the unpaired petal of the lower circle of the flower. To some, it really resembles a lip, to others - a shoe, a shuttle, a bowl, an elongated tongue.


What to do in the garden and vegetable garden in August

What to do in the garden and vegetable garden in AugustThe temperature of the month drops to 16 ° C, the days are getting shorter. Summer ends in August. At the end of the month, a massive departure of birds begins - swallows, cranes and others.Harvest berries: black currant, raspberry, late varieties of cherries. Summer apples and pears ripen. In some places, the leaves on the trees fade.

Throughout the month, strawberries are loosened, fertilized and watered, intended to obtain planting material.


Valerian

ValerianThe genus Valerian unites several dozen species that are widespread throughout the world.

Some researchers on the territory of Russia have about 40 species, the range of which occupies all regions, except for tundra, semi-deserts, and deserts. Valerian has been known as a medicinal plant since ancient times. The Greek physician Dioscorides, who lived in the 1st century AD, mentions it in his pharmacology. There is no consensus about the origin of the plant's name: some authors believe that it comes from the Latin verb Valere - to be healthy; others associate it with the name of the Roman physician Pliny Valerian. But one way or another, this plant is included in all pharmacopoeias of the world and is grown in many countries, including Russia.


Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthornSea buckthorn is one of the few wild plants that has rapidly become a widely known new fruit crop. It is even difficult to imagine that only some 20-25 years ago it was known only as a wild, useful plant. In the wild, sea buckthorn grows in Siberia and the Caucasus, in Central Asia and in many countries of Europe and Asia. Most often it is a shrub, but there may be a small tree, and sometimes even a large one up to 15 m. Depending on the growing conditions, it also differs greatly in its biological properties. Of the three known types of sea buckthorn, only one grows in our country: sea buckthorn. The local names of this plant are very different: in Siberia and the Far East - dereza, broomstick, gnets, lactarius, broom and even just a thorn, in the Caucasus - dzhakudla, in Central Asia - jeddah.


Cucumber herb

Cucumber herbIt is also called borage, borage, or even borage; the latter name is used, however, only by botanists. All over the world, cucumber grass is grown rather limitedly, in Russia it is very rare, mainly as a vegetable, melliferous and medicinal plant in vegetable gardens. But in ancient Rome and in medieval Europe, borage was common on the menu of warriors and newlyweds. It used to be believed that flowers help lift the spirit and drive away sadness.


How to grow good potatoes

How to grow good potatoesThe issue of obtaining decent yields of potatoes in combination with good quality on their plots is now of concern to many residents. In addition, some of them do not have practical skills in working with this culture. The task is complicated by the fact that garden plots, as a rule, are allocated on undeveloped land.


Caution - cicuta!

CicutaTsikuta, or poisonous milestone, is a plant famous for the fact that Socrates was poisoned with it by the verdict of the court. Nowadays, people do not poison hemlock - for the most part they do not know what it looks like.

And yet, we need to know the plant (in another way it is called angelica, cat parsley, pork louse, vyakha, omega, water rabies, water hemlock, mutnik, gorigolova, omezhnik).


Tips for growing gooseberries, raspberries and blackberries

gooseberry raspberry blackberryThe gooseberry prefers nutritious black earth or well-fertilized clay soil, sufficiently moist and sunny position. On light and dry soils, large-fruited English gooseberry varieties are completely unsuccessful, and here you can only breed small-fruited gooseberries, which do not have industrial value (suitable for winemaking). Gooseberries are more susceptible to frost and sometimes suffer in severe winters, especially on damp, swampy soils.


Varietal cultivation of fruits and berries

Varietal cultivation of fruits and berriesWith a huge variety of apples, they are easier and, first of all, should be subdivided according to the ripening period into 3 groups: summer, autumn and winter. This is not about the date of harvest, but about the ripening of already harvested apples.Varieties of the first group are eaten or processed immediately after harvest, since these fruits spoil literally in a matter of days. The second (autumn) varieties can be preserved without damage for up to 2 months after harvest, but they reach their best conditions after about two weeks of storage. Winter apple varieties (third group) are harvested at the latest, almost with the onset of cold weather, but with prolonged storage at temperatures close to 0 ° C, they become better in taste and aroma, without being spoiled for up to 9 months.


Tillage for agricultural use

Tillage for agricultural useThe yield of any agricultural crop largely depends on proper soil cultivation. On the personal plot, the main task in the struggle for the harvest and the good development of ornamental plants is to create a loosened soil layer 25-30 cm deep for berry and vegetable crops and 40-50 cm or more for fruit trees. The deeper the soil layer is loosened and cultivated, the better the roots of garden plants spread in it. Simultaneously with the processing, organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as lime, are embedded in the soil.


Black currant

Black currantWhen polar explorers go for the winter or sailors on a long voyage, they take with them preparations made from black currant. Black currant is an excellent remedy for scurvy. It is necessary and useful for both adults and children. Blackcurrant berries contain more vitamins than oranges and lemons. Jelly, jam, marmalades are cooked from black currant; they go into liqueurs and wines, they can be dried, you can prepare juice from them. Fresh currant leaves are placed in barrels when pickling cucumbers. The leaves and buds are used to make ice cream and tinctures. Black currant is also used in medicine, in particular, its leaves are a medicine for rheumatism.


Barberry

BarberryA variegated fly flew up to the bush - the smell of barberry flowers attracted her from afar. She sat down on a bright cluster of yellow flowers, like tiny ornate lampshades, and stuck her proboscis into the very bottom of the flower. As soon as she tasted the sweetness of nectar, something in the flower trembled, something hit her on the back. The fly stopped for a second, but then began to suck on the sweet juice again. Six times she felt shocks inside the flower and six times she was hit. Taking everything she could from the flower, stained with pollen, she flew away.


Why do gladiolus bulbs get sick?

Why are gladiolus bulbs sick

For several years now, more than 50% of varietal gladioli have been dying in our garden. In the fall, we carefully select only healthy bulbs, burn all diseased bulbs, and store a small part of diseased bulbs separately and plant them in an isolated area. After two or three years, we change the site, constantly in the fall and spring we pickle the bulbs with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. Yet more gladioli die each year. They bloom, give a good ear, and then the lower leaves of the plants begin to turn yellow, and when we dig up the bulbs, many are sick: with brown scales and yellow roots. Such bulbs do not produce babies. What's the matter? It would seem that we follow all the rules of agricultural technology.



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