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 The beneficial effect of sunlight on humans is widely known: the action of the cardiovascular and nervous systems is normalized, metabolism improves, the formation of vitamin D in the body increases.
Walking and traveling, relaxing by the river on a sunny day bring a lot of pleasure to both adults and children. That is why we sometimes lose a sense of proportion, and then the sun-friend turns into an enemy.
 Overheating (especially of the head) can lead to sunstroke. Most often, it is exposed to children and those who are obese and cardiovascular. The person becomes lethargic, overwhelmed, tends to sleep, nauseated. In more severe cases, the headache increases, vomiting appears, the temperature rises, fainting and convulsions are possible.
What should be done in these cases?
First of all, it is necessary to stop access to the victim of the sun's rays: place him in the shade or in a room where it is cool. The embarrassing clothing should be removed, at least unbuttoned. If possible, you should wrap the person with a wet sheet or apply wet towels to various parts of the body: to the head, on the sides of the neck, under the armpits, and also give a plentiful drink (cold tea, salted water).
In case of fainting, which can last from a few seconds to 5-10 minutes, you need to put the victim so that the head is below the body and turned to one side - it will suddenly open vomiting: spray your face with cold water, give a sniff of cotton wool soaked in ammonia, rub the whiskey with it. (Vinegar or cologne can be used instead of ammonia.) A supply of fresh air should be provided to the room; if necessary, it is additionally necessary to fan the person's face.
In the most severe cases, breathing may stop - then the victim must be given artificial respiration.
While the person is being given first aid, a doctor must be called. We emphasize: even in seemingly mild cases, the task of volunteer assistants is to alleviate the patient's condition before doctors appear, but not replace them, because only a doctor can determine the true degree of danger in which the victim finds himself.
Heatstroke can occur in a room that is very hot and humid. Its signs are similar to those of sunstroke, the measures of assistance are the same.
Short-term loss of consciousness - fainting can be caused not only by overheating, but also by numerous other reasons: fright, severe pain, overwork, etc. In all cases, a doctor's call is necessary; you already know what kind of help others should provide before he comes.
Neglecting the basic rules of exposure to the sun is also fraught with skin burns, the so-called solar dermatitis... It is manifested by redness and slight swelling of the affected areas of the body, the temperature may rise, nausea, chills appear. Burned areas should be wiped with sour milk or cologne, calendula... Until the redness disappears, you cannot sunbathe again.
Household burns
 The most common in everyday life are thermal burns, that is, caused by exposure to high temperatures. With a 1st degree burn, the skin swells and turns red. The damaged area must be thoroughly washed with a jet of cold water. If bubbles filled with liquid appear at the site of the injury, then the burn is more severe - 2nd degree. Do not undertake to treat it yourself in order to avoid serious complications. After applying a dry sterile dressing or sterile bandage to the affected area, see your doctor.
Burns of the 3rd and 4th degrees are also distinguished, when the subcutaneous tissues are also severely affected.In this case, qualified medical assistance to the victim should be provided as soon as possible. Our task is, first of all, to eliminate the reasons that caused burn- if it is an "open" fire and clothes are on fire, you cannot run (the wind will fan the flame), you have to roll on the ground, "crushing" the flame. The clothes are removed by carefully cutting them; the adhering pieces of cloth should be left by cutting them short. If a sterile dry dressing cannot be applied to the burned areas, the victim is wrapped in a clean dense cloth, blanket, coat and immediately taken to a hospital.
The burn can be caused by exposure to chemicals. In such cases, the damaged area is washed with cold water for 15-20 minutes. If the acid is "to blame" - apply a bandage soaked in baking soda (1 teaspoon per 1 glass of water), alkali - a weak solution of vinegar. The place burnt with quicklime should be greased with vegetable oil.
Sashina E.Yu. The ABC of Home Economics
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