One of the main desires of any woman is not to wash the dishes. It is quite feasible, because modern dishwashers do it brilliantly! True, for the successful operation of this technique, simple rules must be followed.
THEY NEED TO BE SOAKED
Before loading dirty dishes into the dishwasher, remove large food residues from them, and if pots or pans are burnt, soak them for a while in warm water. By the way, the list of dishwasher programs of a number of well-known brands (for example, Indesit, Ariston, Whirlpool, Bosch, Siemens, Miele, etc. - basically, these are models of the middle and higher price category) include programs "presoaking in hot water" and "Pre-rinse", which further simplifies your task.
Most likely, even if the pre-rinse is not performed, the dishes will still shine clean at the end of the wash cycle, no matter what. But in the case of heavy contamination (this mainly applies to pots and pans), some traces can still remain. Of course, you can leave the pan in the car for one more cycle, and then another one, because experts believe that IN THREE CYCLES OF OPERATION THE DISHWASHER IS ABLE TO STEAM ANY STAIN, except perhaps traces of lipstick, but why waste electricity if you can get by with a little - just put dirty dishes under the running water.
So RULE 1
RINSE DISHES BEFORE PLACING IT IN THE DISHWASHER
ALL YOUR PLACE
In modern dishwashers, dishes are placed in one of two inner baskets. The position of the upper basket is usually adjustable so that different sizes of dishes can be washed. The upper basket usually contains tableware, cups and glasses, as well as lightly soiled saucers, plates and bowls of all kinds. A removable shelf is also available for cups (eg in Miele and Gaggenau models).
All manufacturers point to the possibility of adjusting the height of the upper basket, but it should be especially noted that in some devices of the middle and higher price category, the basket can be adjusted using special levers even when loaded, which undoubtedly increases the ease of use. Such an adjustment system usually has brand names: "Click-clack" for Candy, "Rackmatik" for Siemens and Bosch, "Flexi Racks" for Asko.
The lower basket holds pots, trays, pans and other massive kitchen utensils.To machine wash large pots, the lower basket in some models (for example, Ardo and Gorenje) can be removed altogether by placing the dirty dishes directly on the bottom. Another way to increase the working space of the lower basket is the presence of reclining racks (holders). If you need to free up space for large dishes, these racks (otherwise - pins) can simply be folded.
For small cutlery, special trays are intended, which are in the devices of all dishwasher manufacturers without exception. Some companies (such as Asko and Siemens) include specially designed baskets for knives, as well as separate trays or holders for each type of cutlery. The number of such baskets (trays) can be from one to five to six - for each type of cutlery. The number of cutlery that fits inside is indicated in the technical characteristics of the appliance. Sometimes these devices can be purchased at a store or service center for an additional fee.
Glasses and glasses, as a rule, are put on stable holders located at the top of the machine - bottom upwards.
Some manufacturers (Siemens, Bosch, Gaggenau, etc.) offer a special nozzle for washing trays in the kit, which is located inside the machine instead of the upper basket. In addition to trays, you can also wash grates, hood filters, trays and other large items in it.
Manufacturers of high-end equipment (for example, Gaggenau) make a special cassette for washing silver dishes, which are usually not washed in the machine because of the danger of causing clouding of silver. This cassette is made of aluminum, which protects silver dishes from oxidation during washing.
So RULE 2
USE ALL POSSIBLE HOLDERS, TRAYS AND RETAINERS FOR OPTIMUM DISPLACEMENT INSIDE
When loading crockery and cutlery, consider the following factors:
Dishes and cutlery inside the dishwasher must not interfere with the turning of the water spray. The selected washing temperature must correspond to the type of dishes loaded into the machine. If you place both fragile and ordinary dishes inside the appliance at the same time, select the program with the minimum washing temperature. Small items (eg lids) should be placed in the small cutlery tray. Crockery and cutlery should not be placed inside each other, in order to avoid damage, it is advisable to avoid touching one dish item with another, especially when it comes to glass glasses, glasses and wine glasses. Hollow objects (cups, glasses, bowls) should be installed upside down to prevent water from accumulating in the recesses and recesses. So RULE 3
PROPERLY PLACE DISHES INSIDE THE MACHINE
DO NOT. OR YOU CAN, BUT CAUTION
Not all types of dishes can be washed in a dishwasher. It is also not capable of performing the functions of a washing machine: therefore, it is strictly forbidden to put sponges, towels and all other objects in it that can be completely saturated with water.
NOT DESIGNED FOR CLEANING IN THE DISHWASHER:
Old cookware with a coating that is not heat resistant. Glued dishes. Cutlery with wooden, horn, porcelain or mother-of-pearl handles. Rusting steel items. Non heat resistant plastic items. Wood products (e.g. cutting boards). Tin or copper objects. Arts and crafts - for example, gzhel and khokhloma. Very small objects that can fall out of the trays during washing and fall onto moving parts of the machine. In principle, some types of dishes can be washed in a dishwasher, but only in a gentle mode and with utmost care. This means that you should select the delicate program with the lowest temperature and duration of washing, and after the end of the cycle, remove the dishes from the machine as soon as possible.
Dishes that require extreme care include:
Crockery.Dishes with overglaze painting (the painting will not disappear, but it may lose color and fade). Silver and aluminum objects (they can also fade if they have food debris, especially egg yolk and mustard). Glassware, on the packaging of which there is no symbol indicating the possibility of washing in a dishwasher: at a temperature of 35-40 degrees, such glass will not crack, but it may become cloudy. So RULE 4
DO NOT WASH EVERYTHING IN A DISHWASHER
SOFTWARE
The dishwasher automatically adjusts the water and detergent consumption by shortening or, conversely, lengthening certain program cycles. The temperature can also be automatically regulated within certain limits (for example, with standard programs - from 50 to 65 ° C). The degree of cleanliness of the dishes is determined by the machine automatically using special sensors based on the level of water pollution.
The standard washing program is included in all machines. It is designed for medium to heavily soiled dishes and includes prewash, wash, intermediate rinse, rinse and dry. Typically, these programs last from 80 to 120 minutes.
For dishes with a medium level of dirt, as well as for heat-sensitive and fragile dishes, programs in which the washing takes place at a temperature of about 50 ° C are optimal. Most manufacturers (e.g. Candy, Bosch and Siemens, Gorenje, Ardo, Miele, Gaggenau) call such a program an eco-program or an economical program, mentioning that when choosing this cycle, despite the machine going through all the main stages of washing and drying, consumption of water, electricity and detergent is optimized. At the same temperature, the bioprogram takes place, which is recommended to start when loading special detergents with active enzymes into the machine. It is believed that it is at 50 degrees that the action of enzymes becomes most effective. The bio program is found, in particular, in Whirlpool, Zanussi, Electrolux, Gorenje, Miele models.
The intensive wash takes place at a temperature of 60 ° to 75 ° C and usually includes a pre-wash, a regular wash, two intermediate rinses, a rinse and a drying. Some manufacturers (for example, Candy, Asko, Miele) separately mention the intensive wash program at 75 ° C - as a rule, this is the maximum water temperature that is used in dishwashers. Choose an intensive wash when you want to thoroughly wash pots and trays, and also if you want to clean the dishes of dried food residues.
If the feast is prolonged and a certain amount of dishes has accumulated that require thorough washing, you can start the pre-wash program, which is usually carried out at a temperature of 50-60 degrees and lasts for 30-40 minutes. Depending on the design of the detergent compartment from different manufacturers, it is recommended that if you select a prewash cycle, pour more detergent into the same tray as for regular wash (in AEG models) or use the additional compartment for detergent compartment (in Electrolux models and Whirlpool).
In many dishwashers (some models of Bosch, Siemens, Gaggenau, Miele), using the additional keys, you can pre-rinse dishes with warm water (30-40 degrees) or pre-soak them (Whirlpool, Electrolux, Ariston, Indesit, Gorenje models) in cold or warm water. The duration of these cycles is on average 20 to 35 minutes. This is a great feature for lazy housewives who don't want to rinse the dishes themselves before loading them into the machine!
Pre-wash, rinse and soak programs allow you to clean dishes more efficiently with a further minimum consumption of water and energy. After completing these programs, you can add other, less soiled sets to the cleaned dishes and set the program for standard, economical or intensive wash.
Most dishwashers also have a program for washing glass and fragile dishes (glasses, wine glasses, salad bowls, etc.). Typically, such dishes are washed at a water temperature of 30 to 40 ° C and includes one wash, one intermediate rinse and drying.
The duration of a quick wash program rarely exceeds 30 minutes, but during this time the machine has time to thoroughly rinse and rinse the dishes. Usually this program is one of the most economical, that is, the device consumes the least amount of water and electricity during operation. Some manufacturers (Merloni - Ariston and Indesit brands) give the quick wash program resonant names (for example, the After Meal cycle). This name reveals the meaning of the program: it is recommended to use it for “freshly soiled” dishes.
The washing temperature is either manually adjusted using a separate switch, or is rigidly "tied" to the program and cannot be changed. As a rule, it depends on the cost of the machine - manual adjustment of the temperature regime is possible in devices of the middle and higher price category.
For “novice users” of dishwashers, it will be more convenient to purchase a dishwasher with a rigid “binding” of the temperature to the program, so as not to think once again about the correct choice of washing temperature. Note, however, that even if it is possible to manually adjust the temperature, it occurs within certain limits (from 30 to 40 degrees Celsius - for delicate programs, from 50 to 60 - for standard programs, from 60 to 75 - for intensive programs). That is, the dishwasher will not allow you to set the temperature to 70 degrees when choosing a delicate cycle for washing fragile dishes!
So RULE 5
THE PROGRAM AND TEMPERATURE OF WASHING MUST CORRECT TO THE TYPE OF PANELS LOADED INSIDE
DRYING: WITH OR WITHOUT FAN?
There are two types of drying: traditional (it is also called condensation, as well as "drying by accumulated or residual heat") and turbo drying. In the first case, the dishes are dried by heating the air to a predetermined temperature, under the influence of which the drops remaining after washing the dishes condense. Residual heat drying is typical primarily for economy class models, which are found in almost all manufacturers.
Drying with a heat exchanger can be considered a type of condensation drying (this method is used, for example, in a number of Bosch and Siemens models). In this case, after the end of the washing cycle, cold water is automatically poured into the heat exchanger, as a result of which moisture quickly condenses on the cold left wall of the washing chamber and flows into the drain. Drying takes place in a closed volume, without air intake from the outside, which saves energy. Drying efficiency with this method is usually assessed by the highest class.
During turbo drying, the dishes are blown with hot air using a fan, which speeds up the drying process of the dishes and practically eliminates the risk of any stains appearing on it. At the same time, the use of a fan slightly increases the power consumption per cycle of the machine operation. Turbo drying is often found in Ariston, Indesit, Candy, Electrolux, Zanussi models (mainly in models of the middle and higher price category).
Some manufacturers (Asko, Ariston, Indesit) have models with an additional drying function. When it is turned on, the temperature of the water during the last rinse of the dishes rises by 4-5 degrees, which makes drying more efficient (the duration of the program is increased by 5 minutes). In Europe, it is customary to evaluate the drying efficiency, as well as the washing efficiency, on a five-point scale: from A (highest score) to E (lowest).
So RULE 6
RINSING OUT, DO NOT FORGET TO DRY
WATER ASSISTANTS
Never use soap or powder to clean dishes in the dishwasher. Special detergents are intended for dishwashers, and the use of anything else is strictly prohibited.
For the full operation of the dishwasher, three components are required: a special detergent (form of production: powder or tablets), rinse aid and salt. Modern dishwashers consume about 30 g of regenerating salt and 25 g of detergent per wash.
A kilogram of washing powder will cost 180-450 rubles, depending on the manufacturer. Approximately one washing of dishes with powder in the machine costs from 5 to 12 rubles.
Another form of release, tablets, are more convenient to use. The tablets are multilayer with a controlled dissolution rate of the layers, which allows the active ingredients to provide optimal washing performance. A package of 25 pieces costs about 200 rubles, 60 pieces - over 400 rubles. Thus, the cost of one wash with the help of tablets is 6-8 rubles.
If you have purchased a detergent tablet, please be aware that some tablets do not dissolve during short programs. For this reason, dishwasher manufacturers recommend that when using detergent tablets, select the normal length programs with prewash. The dosage depends on the size of the dishwasher (see technical data). The average consumption of detergent tablets is one tablet for every 20 liters of volume, in the case of very hard water, the initial dosage should be increased by one tablet.
The assortment of dishwasher detergents, as opposed to detergents for hand washing, is less diverse in Russian stores. Here you can count the brands on your fingers, note that mainly European products are presented: Calgonit, Kristall-fix (Luxus Professional), Somat, Frosch, dalli, WKultra (Belgium), Fairy (tablets, France) and some others.
So RULE 7
USE ONLY SPECIAL DETERGENTS WITH THE RIGHT DOSAGE
SHINE AND CLEANLINESS OF PLATES
Most manufacturers recommend adding a special liquid rinse aid to the machine to completely remove the remaining detergent from the dishes and give them a shine. Usually, in addition to a number of chemical components that are safe for dishes, it also contains citric acid and sometimes a flavoring agent. The average price for a 500 ml bottle in Moscow home appliances stores is 80-120 rubles. The most popular brands of rinse aids are the same as for powders: Calgonit, Kristall-fix, Klarspuller.
So RULE 8
USE ONLY SPECIAL DETERGENTS WITH THE RIGHT DOSAGE
DON'T FORGET TO SALT
For good results when washing dishes, you must use soft water, that is, containing a small amount of lime. Otherwise, a white lime deposit will appear on the dishes and on the inside of the dishwasher itself. You can get information about the water hardness level in your area from the relevant technical services, some dishwasher manufacturers (for example Brandt) include a water hardness tester with the appliance. There are 5 levels of water hardness (0-6 dH, 7-11 dH, 12-16 dH, 17-21 dH, 22-35 dH, respectively), and with four of them (from the 2nd to the 5th) water requires softeners to ensure proper dishwasher operation.
In Moscow, tap water has a fairly high level of hardness, therefore, before the wash cycle, it is imperative to load the regenerating salt into the car. In most dishwashers, the container for the regenerating salt is large enough, and you can immediately load up to 1-2 kilograms of the agent there, and when it comes to an end, the “add salt” indicator on the control panel will light up. The average cost of a standard package of regenerating salt (2 kg) is 130-200 rubles.
So RULE 9
IF YOU WANT YOUR TABLEWARE TO SHINE, DON'T FORGET TO RINSE YOUR PANEL
LEAVE HER THERE
After the program is completed, wait for a while (approximately - about 15 minutes) for the dishes to cool down a little: firstly, there is a danger of scalding by hot steam when opening the door, and secondly, hot dishes break more easily. Dishwasher manufacturers recommend first removing the dishes from the lower basket, and then from the upper basket, so that the remaining water from the upper basket does not drip onto the dishes in the lower one and leave dirty streaks on it.
Some dishwashers are equipped with a heating function. It is recommended to turn it on for clean dishes, immediately before serving them, then the plates will be warm, which will add more sophistication to the meal.
Therefore, RULE 10
DO NOT HURRY TO REMOVE THE DISHES FROM THE MACHINE. (The exception is fragile dishes - it is just better to take them out of the car as soon as possible)
“CONSUMER magazine. Expertise and Tests "/31.2004/
