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 Walnut is a valuable, widespread culture in Uzbekistan. The total area of walnut plantations in the country is about 4500 hectares.
Walnut plantations in their natural form grow in mountainous areas with favorable soil and climatic conditions - Bostandyk and Parkent zones of Tashkent region.
In culture, walnuts are widespread on irrigated lands in all regions of the republic, with the exception of Khorezm and Karakalpak regions.
The varietal composition of walnut plantations is diverse.
In the Bostandyk branch of mountain gardening and viticulture of the scientific research institute named after academician R.R. Schroeder, walnut varieties, zoned in the republic, were obtained. We give a description of the most promising.
BOSTANDYKSKY
Found in the forests of Bostandyk region. The grafted plants begin to bear fruit from the fourth year. The yield of a tree at the age of 20 is 120 kg.
Enters the growing season late. The variety needs pollination. The best pollinator is Jubilee.
Fruits ripen in the second half of September. Nuts are large, wide, ovoid, with weakly pronounced shoulders, a round base, a slightly drawn nose, a sharp and low seam. The shell is whitish yellow, wrinkled, thin. The weight of the nut is 13-26 g. The kernel is 48.5% by weight of the nut, sweetish-oily, separated from the shell intact, contains 68.8% fat and 2.2% sugar.
Differs in increased frost resistance and resistance to late spring frosts. It is weakly affected by mites and leafworms, and moderately affected by marsonia and moth.
ANNIVERSARY
Found in the forests of Bostandyk region. The variety is partially self-fertile. The best pollinators are Bostandyk and Slender.
The fruits ripen from September 5 to 27. Nuts are large, flat-round in shape, with broad shoulders, a slightly prominent top, a rounded base, and a wide seam. The shell is whitish yellow, wrinkled. The average weight of the nut is 11 g. The kernel separates well and accounts for 50.4% by weight of the nut. The taste of the kernel is sweetish-buttery, with 71% fats and 4.3% sugars.
The variety is high-yielding, fast-growing, relatively resistant to spring frosts. The grafted plants begin to bear fruit from the age of four.
It is weakly affected by mites and leafworms, marsonia and moth is moderately affected.
GUARDIAN
Allocated in the gardens of Bostandyk district. Enters the growing season late. Pollinators - Ideal and Pioneer varieties.
 Fruits ripen in September. The nuts are large, flat-rounded, the shoulders are poorly expressed, the nose is slightly pulled back, the base is rounded, the seam is blunt and low. The shell is light brown, finely wrinkled, very thin. The weight of the nut is 13 g. The kernel is 61% by weight of the nut, it is sweetish, separated from the shell, contains 70% fat and 4.3% sugars. The variety is fast-growing, grafted plants bear fruit from five years of age.
It is weakly affected by mites and leafworms, marsonia and moth is moderately affected.
HOMELAND
Obtained from crossing the varieties Bostandyk and Serdtsevidny.
Pollinators Bostandyk and Hybrid. Fruits ripen at the end of September.
The nuts are beautiful, large, oval in shape, the shoulders are almost absent, the apex is slightly extended, the base is rounded, the seam is narrow, slightly protruding. The shell is light brown, slightly wrinkled. The weight of the nut is 13 g. The kernel is 49.5%, sweetish-oily, separated from the shell intact, contains 68.6% fat and 4.1% sugar.
Fast growing, frost-resistant variety. Fruit moth and marsonia are weakly affected.
IDEAL
Selected in the gardens of Bostandyk region. The variety is fast-growing. The grafted seedlings bear fruit from the age of one, and the seedlings - from the age of two, gives two harvests. The fruits of the second harvest are collected (up to 25 pcs.) In a bunch.
The ripening of the fruits of the first harvest occurs in the third decade of September, the second harvest - in October - November. Infestation by mites, marsonia is weak, moths and leafworms are medium. Pollinators are Uzbek early-fruiting and Bostandyk varieties. During the second flowering, male and female flowers develop simultaneously, which ensures self-pollination.
The nut is flat-rounded, the shoulders are clearly expressed, the apex is slightly drawn. The base is rounded, the seam is narrow and slightly protruding. The average weight of the nut is 10 g. The kernel is 50.8% by weight of the nut, tasty, sweetish-oily, it is easily separated whole. Fat in the core 67.1%, sugars 4.6%, ascorbic acid 5.2 mg%. The fruits of the second harvest are smaller, their average weight is 2.4 g with a core content of 53.5%.
The variety is low-growth, the height of the tree does not exceed 8 m, it begins bearing fruit early and lives no more than 25-30 years. The yield is high and annual, the variety is frost-resistant and resistant to spring frosts.
UZBEK RAPID
Seedling of the Ideal variety, which has inherited all its valuable biological qualities: early maturity, secondary flowering, aciniform fruiting.
The first harvest ripens at the beginning of October and has higher qualities than that of Ideal. The average weight of the nut is 11 g. The kernel is 54.5% by weight of the nut, sweetish oily taste, easily separated. Fat in the kernel 72.6%, sugars 2%.
The nut is beautiful, round in shape, the shoulders are clearly expressed, the apex is slightly extended, the base is rounded, the seam is narrow and slightly protruding. Pollinators — Ideal, Pioneer and Kazakhstani varieties. Resistance to diseases and pests is average. The annual yield is high.
PANFILOVETS
Found in the gardens of Bostandyk region. Removable maturity occurs in mid-September. Infestation by mites, leafworms and marsonia is weak, moths are average.
The nut is ovoid, with slightly noticeable shoulders, a long nose, an oval base, and a wide and high seam. The average weight of the nut is 13 g. The kernel is 52.3% by weight of the nut, oily taste, well separated in halves. Fat in the kernel 70.1%.
 The variety is fast-growing, begins to bear fruit at the age of four.
FINE SHELLS
Found in the forests of Bostandyk region, high-yielding, bears fruit every year.
Removable ripeness of fruits from 8 to 21 September. The incidence rate by moth, mite is average, leafworm and marsonia is weak. Pollinator - Yubileiny variety. The nut is broadly oval, the shoulders are absent, the apex is slightly extended, the base is oval, the seam is wide, slightly protruding. The average weight of the nut is 9 g. The kernel is 54.6% by weight of the nut, sweetish-oily, well separated in halves, contains 68.8% fat and 3% sugars. Frost resistant.
KAZAKHSTAN
Selected from seedlings. Removable maturity end September - early October. The incidence of moth and marsonia is average. Pollinators - Bostandyk and Thin-shelled.
The nut is oval in shape, large, the shoulders are barely visible, the tip is slightly drawn back, the base is rounded, the seam is wide, blunt. The average weight of the nut is 14 g. The kernel is 48.7% by weight of the nut, sweetish-oily taste, separates very well whole. Fat in the kernel 72.3%, sugars 4.4%.
It enters the growing season late, has a short growing season, is resistant to spring frosts.
PIONEER
Found in the forests of Bostandyk region. Begins to bear fruit from the age of three. Removable ripeness of fruits September 14-26. Infestation by mites, leafworms, marsonia is weak, moths are medium. The variety is partially self-fertile. Pollinators - Bostandyk and Thin-shell. The walnut is oval in shape, with slightly pronounced shoulders, a slightly drawn nose, rounded base, blunt and low seam. The average weight of the nut is 12 g. The kernel is 52.8% by weight of the nut, oily taste, separates well whole. Fat in the core 69%, sugars 4.5%.
It enters the growing season late, has a short growing season, and is resistant to spring frosts.
HYBRID
Obtained from pollination of Pioneer variety with pecan pollen.Differs in fast growth, high frost resistance, resistance to spring frosts, short growing season.
Walnut is of medium size, oblong, with pronounced shoulders, a slightly elongated top, a rounded base and a sharp seam. The shell is thin, often with gaps. The average weight of the nut is 12 g. The kernel is 51.3% by weight of the nut, sweetish-buttery taste, separates well whole. Fat in the core 69.2%, sugars 2.3%. Pollinator - Bostandyk. Resistance to pests and diseases is average. Fruiting every year * good and abundant.
S. Kalmykov
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