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 There is no perfect soundproofing, but discomfort can be reduced by minimizing noise in the desired rooms. Noises can be divided into two types: sounds emitted into the air (video and audio equipment, conversations, screams) and structure-borne noise (arises from mechanical actions, for example, drilling a wall, impacts). To one degree or another, all building materials used in enclosing structures have sound insulation. Additional materials can also absorb or isolate noise.
Isolation and absorption of sounds differ among themselves. With sound absorption, the energy of the reflected sound wave decreases during interaction with an obstacle. It dissipates and turns into heat.
Soundproofing reduces the sound pressure level as the sound wave travels through an obstacle. The efficiency depends on the sound insulation index Rw and the overlap factor Lnw. With higher Rw values and lower Lnw values, better sound insulation results will be achieved.
It is recommended to comprehensively use soundproofing materials. The more powerful the partitions are, the higher the sound insulation will be.
If only sound-absorbing materials are used, then the sound insulation coefficient will slightly increase. In this case, the minimum thickness, as a rule, should be forty to fifty millimeters.
It is best to use a combination of "hard" materials (gypsum fiber, brick, drywall), which provide sound insulation, and "soft" materials (stone wool, glass wool), which increase sound absorption.
Through holes are often used when installing outlets. Such holes also need soundproofing. The socket is dismantled, a "washer" made of dense basalt cardboard, mineral wool or asbestos fabric is inserted into the hole. The hole is sealed with plaster putty or cement mortar and the socket is inserted back. Polyurethane foam should be used with plaster, as it has a very high flammability and is not a good enough sound insulator. Electrical ducts for cables are insulated according to the same principle.
Often, after prolonged use, gaps can form between the floor slab and the riser pipes. It is best to seal them using silicone sealant. If the riser, for example, is laid through the ceiling, then it is necessary to carefully clean the damaged layer of cement mortar and remove. The base of the pipe must be wrapped with sound insulating material. And the disturbed remainder of the floor or ceiling is cemented. The joints are sealed with silicone, the excess material is cut off.
It is also fashionable to insulate panel joints. Over time, deformation cracks can form between the floors and the wall, which are often not visible behind the wallpaper. To soundproof them, it is necessary to clean the walls of old wallpaper, to embroider the joints between adjacent concrete panels, and to fill the resulting voids and cavities with cement mortar or fill in with prepared gypsum putty. After the putty dries, the joints must be diligently greased with acrylic sealant. After the excess of this sealant has been removed, the walls can be repainted or covered with wallpaper.
For soundproofing the ceiling, you can use sound-absorbing lightweight suspended structures that have a porous structure. When soundproofing entrance doors, vestibule-type structures are used. For the floor, special underlays are used for parquet or laminate. Styrofoam, polyethylene foam or polypropylene foam not only does not insulate, but sometimes increases the conductivity of the noise.
Jamoido
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