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 It is quite possible to say goodbye to life at 0 ° C, and at -20 ° C to feel just great. It is not the frost that kills us, but the decrease in our own body temperature. You can easily lie on a snowdrift for a few minutes and go straight to your forefathers, even if the air is above zero. During this time, the body's own temperature will drop to the extreme moment - up to 31 ° C - and the heart will simply stop.
It happens, and vice versa, in the most severe frost, a person will definitely not be able to freeze if he is dressed very warmly, plus he behaves correctly.
One of the rules of behavior in severe frosts is to organize fuel for the body so that there is a constant production of internal energy that warms the human body. Food is our main fuel. But here you need to understand that food, in this case, is not suitable for all. In principle, cabbage is not suitable for these purposes, here you will need, at least, a good shmat lard... Fat is the best source of internal energy. It can also happen that for some reason, more often for health reasons, fats cannot be eaten, they must be replaced with animal protein, for example, meat... On the street, in severe frost, you can go out only after a very dense meal.
Another rule of behavior in this situation is the actual behavior of a person. In the cold, in no case should you stand, sit in one place, you must constantly move and move. It is impossible to just stand like an idol in one place, and even more so, to sit down or lean against cold, in particular, metal objects. In this case, the person quickly loses his own heat and gives it back to the icy surface. This process occurs several times faster if a person is wearing wet clothes. Even a T-shirt drenched in sweat under a windproof jacket can significantly accelerate the loss of internal heat.
Here comes another rule of behavior - you need to dress warmly. Almost everyone already knows - you need light woolen clothes, preferably at least three layers, spacious and warm shoes, and a warm hat on your head. A headdress is a must! Heat leaves the surface of the body that is not protected faster. Through an open head, a person loses up to 17% of all the heat of the human body!
Heat can also be lost if, for example, the blood circulation in the body is disturbed. Therefore, it is especially important that the elderly, babies, as well as those who, in one way or another, suffer from a disease associated with impaired blood flow, for example, atherosclerosis, should wrap themselves in warmth. These people can suffer greatly from any cold, even with a very small freezing temperature.
Since hypothermia may well lead to death, it would be good to know the main stages of such a process.
Hypothermia, first phase.
With an internal body temperature of less than 35 ° C, it is already quite possible to declare the beginning of the hypothermia process. This can be clearly seen in a person: pallor appears, "goose bumps", weakness, speech becomes not clear.
Second phase.
When the body temperature drops to 33 ° C, the external manifestations become simply threatening - bluish and cold skin. Breathing drops to 8-10 breaths / exhalations per minute, pulse rate is 40-50 heart beats per minute, blood pressure drops. Involuntary vomiting and urination may well begin. In such a state, it is almost impossible to talk to a person - speech is incoherent.
Third phase.
A person practically does not feel anything at a body temperature of less than 31 ° C. Freezing unconscious, his muscles twisted in spasms, his jaws tightly clenched.Human breathing is almost imperceptible - 3-4 inhalation / exhalation per minute, pulse - 32-36 beats, pupils are greatly dilated. In this condition, cardiac arrest usually occurs.
If you suddenly meet a person in a similar state, lying in the cold outside - do not pass by! Do not think whether he is sober or not. Call an ambulance. Save a person's health, and maybe his life.
Fomichev M.A.
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